photo: TIWL

Trauma is broad ranging, not just one big event. It’s the things which happen to us which overwhelm us and our ability to cope. It’s also about the things which didn’t happen – for example, not having our emotional needs taken care of when growing up.

Social worker Resmaa Menakem (www.resmaa.com) says: “Trauma decontextualised in a person looks like personality, trauma decontextualised in a family looks like family traits and trauma decontextualised in people looks like culture.” I go to that quote a lot because it points out the way we pathologise behaviours, rather than looking at the stories they tell.

People’s bodies tell us stories about their identities and the ways they move through the world. If we can collectively have a more curious approach to what those stories are telling us then I think we can take a more trauma-informed approach to health and fitness.

People who’ve experienced complex and developmental trauma have internal schemas about what they believe about themselves and their bodies – including where they do and don’t belong – and will try to predict what will happen in certain environments. The most important shift is helping them step into a new schema that enables them to see what could be possible in their lives.

If we’re willing to get curious and look at what’s underneath behaviours that present as challenging to engage, we get a lot of information about people’s histories, their coping strategies and how they’ve learned to adapt.

Difficulty with engagement can be deeply rooted in fear around issues such as not feeling welcome, that they don’t belong in these spaces, or concerns about being overwhelmed by the environment. This presents the opportunity to get curious about understanding their story and removing the barriers which might be getting in the way.

Fitness professionals are not therapists and must honour their scope of practice, however, they can be therapeutic. If you work with people, you work with trauma, so learning how to take a trauma-informed approach could help fitness professionals hold space for people who are feeling dysregulated.

More: www.tiwl.org

photo: Liz Tenuto

Trauma doesn’t come about just because of war or abuse. Countless traumas are often overlooked, including emotional abuse, neglect, the death of a loved one, the end of a significant relationship, invasive medical procedures, repeated teasing or harassment, long-term chronic stress, discrimination, systemic oppression, witnessing an accident, witnessing intense conflict or abuse, frequently moving house during childhood and financial difficulties.

It’s important to understand that trauma doesn’t just affect someone emotionally and mentally, it also affects the body, causing the biological stress response to become activated and the stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline to be released. This creates physical sensations of stress such as muscle tension, physical pain, jaw clenching, unexplained gut issues, sleep issues, unexplained weight gain and forgetting to breathe.

Trauma also leads to nervous system dysregulation, which is responsible for the body’s fight, flight and freeze responses. After experiencing trauma, survivors often remain in a long-term state of dysregulation, or survival mode. These physiological responses commonly lead to self-neglect and unhealthy lifestyle choices.

Unresolved trauma can cause individuals to disconnect from themselves and shut down physically, mentally and emotionally. This can manifest as unhealthy lifestyle choices – such as addiction, over-eating, under-eating, needing to stay busy all the time, workaholism, perfectionism, living a sedentary lifestyle or self-isolating.

These unhealthy lifestyle choices are not moral failures and they’re not the individual’s fault, they’re subconscious, autonomic reactions within the nervous system, also known as trauma responses. When people struggle to eat well or exercise consistently they blame themselves and think there’s something inherently wrong with them. This in itself is also a trauma response not helped by the fact that there’s so much messaging from the fitness, weight loss and health sectors that perpetuates the narrative that not being able to maintain a healthy lifestyle means someone is a failure.

Living in survival mode for years – or decades – from either unresolved trauma or long-term stress, makes it nearly impossible to maintain a healthy lifestyle. In survival mode, you’re living on auto-pilot and making it through each day. The brain literally can’t zoom out and focus on establishing healthy habits long-term, which is why so many people fall off their diet or exercise plan 10-14 days after starting it.

Since unresolved trauma is a root cause of unhealthy lifestyles, it’s not possible to create a healthy lifestyle without addressing mental and emotional health. Conversely, addressing that trauma is the most direct way to help people change their behaviours and adopt healthy habits.

Somatic exercises are the best first step to release stress and stored trauma from the body, to bring it out of the biological stress response and regulate the nervous system so the mind-body connection can come back to homeostasis. Once this is achieved, the individual will be able to establish healthy habits and those practices will be much more effective long-term.

Liz Tenuto is founder of The Workout Witch and specialises in somatic exercise www.theworkoutwitch.com

• Offer quiet sessions with the music off: the gym environment can be overwhelming and noisy for people who are dysregulated (or who don’t like the soundtrack)

• When working with clients on goal-setting encourage them to be kind to themselves

• The bare minimum is okay: small but consistent has a compound effect

• Shaking the body – just a simple shake – can work wonders at shifting the state

• If a client does talk to you about their issues, provide a safe space for them to feel seen and heard. You don’t have to provide solutions

• Show no judgement

• Be curious about the barriers to someone not exercising, or falling off their plan and ask if you could help remove any of those barriers

• Acknowledge that someone who appears unmotivated may be stuck in the freeze response. Don’t label them

• Somatic exercises

• EFT tapping

• Sound baths

• Meditation

• Restorative yoga

• Shaking

• Hydration

• Resting

• Journalling

• Breathwork

• Sighing

• Time in nature

• Grounding exercises

• Affirmation practice

photo: Wendy O’Beirne

Many of my clients don’t believe they’ve suffered from trauma when we first sit down, however, a negative experience on repeat can create a whole set of reactions, beliefs, behaviours and an internal story that blocks progress.

If we stop using the word trauma and use language such as “the impact of our experiences”, it could open up the conversation and allow more people to understand that all of our experiences have created internal systems that work for us and often some that work against us, causing conflict between what we say we want to do and what we actually do.

Many people avoid addressing their internal world by focusing on external goals, but this often leads to a feeling of disconnect, burnout and a general lack of fulfilment, so they jump from goal to goal and rarely see any through.

Looking at our internal state and interrupting the story that’s running us (subconsciously) leads to more enjoyment, desire towards things we want to achieve and then a general improvement in health.

Studies show we have anything from 60,000 to 100,000 thoughts a day, 80 per cent are negative and up to 90 per cent are repeated every day. It’s important that we can interrupt that. Our nervous system has evolved to keep us safe, but it can work against us, creating blocks in relation to change we actually want. Understanding this allows people to see that their inability to change isn’t due to a lack of commitment or even necessarily ability.

We need more awareness of (and conversation around) why people might be struggling, or at least finding it difficult to follow through on things they’re saying are important to them.

While working with mental health professionals could support the work fitness professionals are doing, there are also some simple tools that can be used to help clients who are feeling stuck. Shaking the body can get rid of tension and ‘stuckness’ which will move them out of the freeze response, for example, while taking long slow breaths and coming intentionally into the present can also help calm the nervous system and slow down the mind.

By understanding that everyone deals with these issues to some extent, we can move away from the idea that this work is just for people with mental health issues. Understanding ourselves is as important as learning how to read and write. If we could alter conversations to encourage everyone to be more curious about themselves, the fitness sector could help more people make internal shifts that enable true wellbeing to come about.

www.thecompletioncoach.co.uk

• Trauma Informed Weight Lifting runs a 15-hour Foundation Training course to help fitness professionals who are curious about how to incorporate the principles into their practice to explore the relationship between trauma and weightlifting. A more in-depth eight-week programme is approved by the National Academy of Sports Medicine and develops the knowledge and skills to facilitate TIWL sessions as an adjunctive treatment for complex trauma and PTSD.

www.tiwl.org

• The John W Brick Mental Health Foundation offers a Fitness Professionals Certification for Mental Wellbeing, which is distributed by the Mental Wellness Association. This online qualification teaches how self-care approaches – such as exercise, nutrition and mind-body practices – can help in the treatment of mental illness and the promotion of mental wellbeing – specifically how to implement evidence- based approaches.

www.johnwbrickfoundation.org

• Liz Tenuto offers a course that teaches exercise professionals how to incorporate stress and trauma releasing exercises and how to address trauma. She also offers practical guidance in how to teach exercise in a trauma-informed way.

www.theworkoutwitch.com

• The Completion Coach offers interactive workshops, wellbeing days, retreats and long-term consultancy to empower managers to support workforce wellbeing.

www.thecompletioncoach.co.uk

Food was always a coping mechanism for me, which I used to numb all my emotions – happiness as well as sadness.

As a child, I comfort-ate to cope with my Dad’s anger issues and stresses in the household about money and later on I used it to cope with the pressures of career and fame. The resulting weight I carried became a protection and a barrier to connection and intimacy. I also made millions of dollars being an overweight comedienne.

But I would feel down about myself and my shameful secret of engaging in unhealthy behaviours. Even though I would start the day off by going to the gym, I couldn’t break the cycle of comfort eating in the evening and would find myself mindlessly eating pizza and ice cream after work. I couldn’t even handle a good mood – I’d have to eat to dampen it down.

I tried the New Year’s resolutions, went to a couple of health resorts and tried some diets, but nothing was sustainable and I shamed myself for not having the willpower to stick to anything.

Even though I’m all up for body positivity and all bodies being beautiful, as I got close to 40 I started to have concerns about my weight and habits leading to disease, especially as my dad had suffered from diabetes.

The real kicker for change was finding a doctor who dealt with how your emotions affect your physical health. This was one thing I had never investigated – talking about emotions in my family was a no-no when I was growing up. But it was those emotions that were making me eat in a disordered way.

The first few months were difficult, because all the things I’d been suppressing came up. Then I learned to process and manage my emotions without the help of food. I had to face a lot of sadness that I’d been hiding from, as well as unresolved issues with (and anger towards) my father.

As I processed the emotions the weight came off. I was exercising and eating healthily as well, but processing the emotions allowed me to pursue the healthy behaviours. If you’re an emotional eater, like I was, there’s no magic pill, or diet, the answer is literally to deal with the emotional reasons of why you act that way.

As told to Fearne Cotton on the Happy Place podcast ©Happy Place