A chemical found in concrete is being used unsafely during manicures in budget spas and salons around the world, according to spa training organisation Comité International d'Esthétique et de Cosmétologie (CIDESCO).

Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) is a chemical ingredient used in some nail products that has been banned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because nail technologists using it risk allergic reactions and permanent damage to their clients.

CIDESCO’s lecturer of the Isa Carstens Academy in South Africa, Amanda Schooling, explained the dangers of MMA: “MMA does not dissolve in acetone and is therefore difficult to remove. The nails are either pried off the natural nail or electric drills are used for removal," she said.

"MMA products tend to discolour and become brittle, leading to severe nail damage. MMA products do not adhere well to the nail plate, causing thinning and weakening of the nail. The chemical has a small molecular size and therefore can absorb into the skin risking severe allergic reactions."

Schooling also highlighted the importance of understanding salons’ solutions before offering products to clients. “Quality education is vital for a nail technologist,” she added. “They must be aware of the chemical structure of the product they have chosen to work with. Proper training and the teaching of safe and hygienic work practices will help prevent overexposure from products. Overexposure may lead to health problems due to inhalation or absorption.”

By contrast, Ethyl Methacrylate (EMA) is safe for use on natural nails and far less likely to cause allergic reactions, according to Schooling – however skin contact should be avoided.

“Clients and nail technologists are at risk of allergic reactions after prolonged or repeated contact with the nail product,” said Schooling. “Technologists must ensure the product is applied onto the nail and not the surrounding skin. To prevent inhalation, the salon must be a well-ventilated area.”